Essay On Road Deterioration Analysis - 1462 Words

3.7 Modeling techniques used for road deterioration analysis (Madanat et al., 1997) in their research exhibit incremental facility deterioration model on bridge deck sample. Since infrastructure moves from one transitional state to another with a set probability associated with the transition process, with the help of explanatory variables predicts the changes in condition of infrastructure over a period using the incremental models. The data used in this case is panel data. The previous research that has been done in this area does not account for the effects of heterogeneity in panel data. Due to the presence of unobserved factors the coefficient estimates of the model may be biased. The previous models like linear regression had†¦show more content†¦Finally, the researchers could develop a model that was theoretically sound, produced satisfactory estimates and in which set of explanatory variables were linked to deterioration. (Prozzi et al., 2003) The condition of the pavement should be known to the authorities to make an accurate and informed decision about the maintenance program and subsequently about the budget that is required for the program. But knowing the condition of road for maintenance purpose is not straightforward as failure can occur any time, as it is a highly variable event. The modeling of event duration becomes difficult because of the variability in failure time. Truncation bias and censoring bias are associate with the failure events. In a survey if we include only failure events it will give rise to truncation bias and if failure events are censored model may suffer from censoring bias. The author uses probabilistic duration modeling techniques for analysis because these models can evaluate stochastic nature of payment failure and takes care of the censored data to be incorporated for modeling because in case the censored data is not accounted for modeling it will result in biased mo del parameters. The advantages of using probabilistic duration modeling techniques is that it is based on robust statistical principles and the failure times are predicted better. In short, the pavementShow MoreRelatedESSAY - Examine sociological explanations for the lower rates of recorded crime in rural compared to urban areas1414 Words   |  6 PagesHomework Essay Question – Mrs Young 8th November 2013 ESSAY QUESTION: ‘Examine Sociological explanations for the lower rates of recorded crime in rural compared to urban areas’†¦ A group of sociologists based in Chicago became known as Chicago School, and they argued that the growth of cities produced distinctive neighbourhoods, each with its own characteristic lifestyle. Shaw and McKay applied this perspective to their study of delinquency. Statistics from their study shows that 9.8%Read MoreThe Hard Engineering Solutions For Western Nations1432 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst coastal erosion a methodical combination of hard engineering and soft engineering solutions must be utilised. 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